Standard attributes
7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was 500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 Chien service de rencontres as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.
Style of randomised managed trials and you will selected baseline services from qualified products out of calcium supplements that also made use of nutritional D supplements
Number 1 analyses
Dining table 5 ? summarises the outcomes of your own meta-analyses. Increasing calcium supplements intake from diet supply increased BMD because of the 0.6-1.0% within complete stylish and you may total looks within 12 months and you can because of the 0.7-1.8% during the those sites and also the lumbar back and you can femoral shoulder on a couple of years (figs step 1 and you can 2 ? ? . There is certainly no impact on BMD from the forearm.
Fig step 1 Random outcomes meta-studies of effectation of weight loss sourced elements of calcium toward percentage change from inside the bones nutrient occurrence (BMD) away from baseline during the 1 year
Fig dos Haphazard outcomes meta-research from effect of dietary sources of calcium on percentage change in limbs mineral thickness (BMD) regarding baseline on two years
Whenever we restricted the new analyses on 12 randomised regulated samples of dairy or dairy food, of the leaving out three trials of hydroxyapatite, you will find absolutely nothing change in the outcomes. Calcium supplements enhanced BMD at all five skeletal sites by 0.7-step one.4% at the one year (figs step three and 4 ? ? ), from the 0.8-step one.5% within 24 months (figs 5 and you may 6 ? ? ), and also by 0.8-1.8% at the more than two-and-a-half age (fig 7 ? ) (selection of lifetime of trials was less than six years).